Randall Carlson: Cataclysms, Dark Star Theory & the Cosmic Cycle We’re In

I kind of think we're in apocalyptic times right now. As we look back now over the last say quarter million years in terms of climate change and the environment disturbances, catastrophes, and so on. We've exceeded by 1 to 2,000 years any other comparable warming period that we can discern. What would that suggest to you? Yeah, we could be due for something. Our whole solar system is set up in a very unique way that has very precise and specific parameters and if you start changing those parameters at all, this all goes away. The entrenched knowledge systems, they're too slow and too stubborn and too stuck to actually help us figure out what the [ __ ] happened in our past. These floods would be like massive resets of civilizational progress, [music] which could have occurred multiple times where civilization would rise and then [music] that gets washed away and then another one comes up and that gets washed away and another one comes up and that gets washed away. The effects of these great catastrophes are all around us. We basically live in >> literally the wreckage of a previous world. A large comet coming in with a 20- or 30-mile diameter could break up and produce roughly equivalent to a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb. If that object had exploded over any urban area in the world, [music] that urban area would have been obliterated. Are we just some evolutionary accident or is there more to the story than that? And this is a wake-up call. Randall, we finally meet. Here we are. It's great. I'm I've been looking forward to this now for well, more than weeks, months actually. And I've been looking forward to it for decades since I first saw you and Graham Hancock go explode explode my mind on the Joe Rogan podcast about where the flood came from, that it was real, and then what actually happened beforehand. So, many people know this story now. It's well it's kind of well documented thanks to the work that you've done and Graham's done and and Joe's platform. But just to give people the shortest synopsis possible about that thing that you kind of exploded into mainstream culture about the Greenland ice sheets and what you think happened that ended the epoch of the Atlantean era. No, wow. Okay. What a great loaded question, but exactly the kind of thing I love to dive into. Uh I got interested in the ice ages growing up in Minnesota many decades ago because where we lived was at the margin of what is called the superior lobe of the great Laurentide ice sheet. In a minute I could pull up a graph and we could see exactly what I'm talking about in terms of a map, but right where I grew up was at the margin. Now, at that margin the ice sheet expanded and it contracted and it created a very unique landscape that was partially created by the glaciers and also partially created by the melting of the glaciers at the end of the ice age. So, we had property on a lake and I can remember my dad showing me a book one time. I was probably 7 or 8 years old and there was a picture in there and I think if as I remember it wasn't obviously a photograph, but it was a sketch or something showing um the what it would have looked like during the ice age and I thought, "Wow, you mean there was thousands of feet of ice here?" And the answer was yes, but it was because of the ebb and the flow of the glaciers there that it sculpted this landscape. So, I kind of I was I brought up was brought up in that landscape and it was all the effects of the great ice age were all around me. You know, the lake that we lived on was uh you know, was basically a meltwater puddle left over from the the recession of the gigantic ice lobe. It was a lobe. If you look at a map, you can see Lake Superior on there. Lake Superior was one of the major lobes of what is called the Laurentide ice sheet. There was two great ice sheets over North America separate from Greenland. Greenland was kind of its own ice sheet, but the Laurentide was about the size of the ice sheet that now covers the South Pole. Its center was up by Hudson Bay and it reached all the way to the flanks of the Rocky Mountains in Western Canada. Then over the western over Rocky Mountains in Western Canada, you had a secondary ice sheet called the Cordilleran. The Cordilleran then reached from like northern Idaho and Washington all the way up to Alaska. It was about the size of the Greenland ice sheet today. So you had basically two separate ice sheets in North America, the Laurentide >> And then And then what what caused I mean, just so if people understand, what caused the ice age and these ice sheets to form? What was the catalyst for that? >> You see, you've just asked one of the fundamental unresolved mysteries, unanswered questions. Well, that Well, that's why I asked you, Randall. You're supposed to resolve unresolved mysteries. This is your This is your role here, sir. I'll do my best. There are many theories as to what happened and a lot of the older theories that were pretty much accepted >> [clears throat] >> have had to be abandoned or drastically modified because of the time scale involved. If we go back to like when I was a kid, we're talking '50s and '60s, the the the idea was that it took tens of thousands of years, probably more like 100,000 years for the ice to appear, to grow, and then to disappear. And it's based upon what are called the Milankovitch forces because the relationship between the Earth and the Sun is constantly undergoing these subtle changes. For example, the Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical. It's not circle. It's not circular. So, sometimes the Earth is farther away from the Sun and sometimes it's closer to the Sun. You know, the average is nine about 93 million, but sometimes it's more than 94 million, sometimes it's closer to 92 million. Also, the tilt of the Earth's axis changes by several degrees. Um so, you have changes in the what's called the eccentricity of the orbit and you have changes in the inclination of the Earth's orbit. And another factor, uh there's actually three factors that interact. So, sometimes the planet will be receiving more solar radiation because of these changing geometries, other times less. So, it was believed that these forces called uh after uh Milutin Milanković was his name. He was a mathematician who calculated all of this. So, for quite a while this was a satisfactory explanation. These changes in the orbital geometry between Earth and Sun was what was responsible for the Earth sometimes cooling and then the ice would grow and then warming. The problem was is that the rates of change we now know are way too fast for those forces. They They play out over 100,000 years, 40,000 to 100,000 years. So, in the early '50s, uh Willard Libby invented radiocarbon dating which could be used to identify uh how long something that would have had uh carbon in it, radioactive carbon, which is uh carbon 14, how long it had been in existence because the when when a plant or any living thing grows and interacts with the environment and the atmosphere, it takes on the amount of carbon that's in the atmosphere. What then happens is when the when the plant or the animal or the person, whatever it is, the organic thing dies, it stops bringing in that carbon. Carbon has a half-life that's well known, and what happens is that the radioactive portion of the carbon begins to decay, and by looking at the ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 14, you can tell how long something has been since it died. Well, here was the problem. By the early '70s, enough data had come in to show that the uh for example, the disappearance of the ice was a hell of a lot faster than anybody had imagined. And it was a lot closer in our own time. Rather than being 50 to 100,000 years, it was less than 10,000 years. Right. Now, on the other end of the spectrum, what happened, it was assumed that this ice mass over North America was relatively stable over 80 to 100,000 years. And what radiocarbon revealed was that, wait a second, up in near Hudson, the shores near Hudson Bay, which would have been the center of the great ice sheet, there were trees, there were forests growing 40,000 years ago. So, that would did not square with the older, extended, longer, gradualistic models. And at that point, there was a a couple of conferences held in the early 1970s called and they referred in the in the published papers about the proceedings of these conferences, they referred to the energy paradox, because what they realized was that, okay, it takes X amount of energy to melt Y amount of ice. So, if you had a, let's say, the ice complex over North America was about 6 million cubic miles of ice. It's a hell of a lot of ice. Now, just as a visualization, try to imagine you're standing there and you're looking at an ice cube, and that ice cube is a mile high, a mile wide, and a mile deep. Now, what would happen if you melted that? How long would it take to melt that if you just set it out? Well, it's going to take a pretty good lot while to melt, particularly if it's in a northern climate. Like where I grew up in Minnesota, yeah, we got four or five months in the year where things are going to melt, and then winter comes and the melting stops, right? So, we're up there, we're in Canada, where now you have a long winter, a long cold winter, relatively short summer. But, the the realization dawned on the researchers that if there were forests growing there 40,000 years ago, and the ice was gone basically by 8 to 10,000 years, we're now faced with this problem of we're going from an interglacial, probably not a whole lot different than now, to a full-blown glacial, and then that's gone, and that whole cycle is now taking place in, say, 25 or 30,000 years instead of 100,000 years. So, what this did was led to the energy paradox. The energy paradox said that you got to have X amount of energy. Like, how much heat energy would it take to melt that one cubic mile of ice? Requires energy. Requires, you know, heat, and that's in the form of energy. Well, then what they did was they looked at the available energy around the Earth in present day. And what dawned on them is that if you look at where is the greatest amount of heat energy would be available today to melt that ice? It would either be like sort of the the the subtropical deserts, like the Sahara, or um probably where you're at. You're in Austin, right? Yep. Yeah, so if you go out to the western desert, the uh say, the Mojave desert, how much energy do you have there? The other place would be tropical oceans. And how much energy you have there available. And in both cases, you had roughly the same amount of of heat energy, thermal energy available. What they realized was that even in the most extreme circumstances, it would take three times longer than what we now know the time span in which the ice disappeared. In other words, if we could move that entire ice mass Right. >> to the tropical ocean, how long would it take to disappear? Three times as long as the ice actually did disappear. And this is over a northern climate. The hence the energy paradox. And this the first conference was in '73, the second one, the follow-up, was in '75. They hoped to resolve the problem, they didn't. They said there's an error in the data somewhere, we'll put it on the shelf and we'll get back to it. And the only thing that >> I mean I think I think that's where your theory was is so elegant and explanatory for the melting of the ice, which I if I understand it correctly was an asteroid that broke up creating flash point friction heat in the atmosphere, ionosphere, and then created this flash point effect, which then created the flood. You're pretty much on the right track. That's Yeah, you're very close actually to to what the scenario I So, I began looking at, you know, I encountered those papers in the '70s, probably a number of years after they were first published. And that just intrigued me to no end. Like, okay, here's a mystery. How did this happen so fast? Both the onset of the ice age and the end of the ice age. So, by the same time I would say one of the things that sort of triggered my interest in this was uh to my next level thinking on it was in the early 1980s when it first got proposed that the dinosaur extinction was triggered by an asteroid impact, which you're probably well aware of, you know, that was For sure. posed. It it a very controversial s- pro- proposition back in 1980. Uh a lot of resistance to it, uh but it bought it took about a decade and it was the discovery of the impact crater in the Yucatan that finally shifted the balance of scientific opinion to accepting it. Uh but it was probably a combination of the impact Actually, we could go a little further than that. There was probably a cluster of impacts around that time so that the extinction wasn't one fell swoop. It may have been just like in a mixed martial arts fight. You know, somebody gets slugged, but they don't go down, but um over a period of time, you know, it they wear out and they they get knocked out. You know, they might not get knocked out in the first round, but they get knocked out in the fifth round. >> as as far as so so check my check me if I understand this correctly. The The The asteroid comes, it impacts, it sends up a massive amount of particulates into the air. The particulates then blot out the sun. The sun blots out the photosynthesis capacity for the plants. The plants die. The herbivores die. The carnivores who eat the herbivores die. And then thus goes the fate of the dinosaurs. Right. Feed- feedbacks. And that probably was an important component of the whole process. Interesting though though one of the great volcanic episodes in Earth history was happening simultaneous. Which also puts an enormous amount of particulate in the air as well. >> Correct. Correct. That's exactly right. And that was what are you know, produced what are called the Deccan Traps in India. And interestingly at the time, if you look at a model of the Earth, the impact occurred and the antipode, which is the exact 180 in every direction degree around the opposite side of the Earth was where the great pulse of of basaltic lava burst forth that now created the Deccan Traps. Could there have been a connection there? Maybe. One of the ideas that has been proposed is that there was a massive pulse of energy, seismic energy, that radiated outward from the point of impact, circled the Earth, and then where it converged on the far side of the planet is pretty much right where the epicenter of the of the volcanism occurred that produced the Deccan Traps around the same time. So, it was probably a multi-event, a multi-factored event. It would have been complex, and a lot of the critics initially who were dismissive of it kind of to me in my mind had a much oversimplified model. One big impact and that was it, and they weren't looking at feedbacks, and I think now we can say that the feedbacks could have lasted literally tens of thousands to up to hundreds of thousands of years. All of the things you just said. Um in terms of, you know, the initial uh you know, there would have been enormous fires, there would have been enormous tsunamis. In fact, there have, you know, I some of my growing up years was also in small-town Louisiana, and I didn't know at the time, but I've learned since that there's a KT or Cretaceous-Tertiary layer uh right under where I used to live for a while, and it was caused by a massive tsunami moving to the north from that point of impact down by the Yucatan Yucatan, and in fact it's been now uh modeled, it's been uh uh measured up in in Texas. I don't know if it's up where you're at in Austin, but I wouldn't be surprised if it was. But, I mean, it's like a half a mile under 66 million years of accumulated sediment, but there's a giant tsunami deposit that's dated precisely at that epoch, 66 million years ago. Which is one of the reasons why you can like inexplicably find shells in places that are like this is nowhere near a [ __ ] ocean, you know, and you're finding shell fossils and you know, the earth has been in this we live in a cataclysmic earth like things change. Yeah. And this is just the this is just part and parcel to it. All right, so I want to loop us back. I appreciated that that understanding cuz that actually helps me clarify what happened to our our dear friends the dinosaurs, but could it have been something similar where particulates went up into the atmosphere quickly creating a blockage of the sun which then cooled the temperatures and then created the ice ages. That I mean, that's where my mind goes when I'm trying to explain a rapid a rapid increase of ice accumulation. Well, that's a good line of thinking to start, but here's the the primary problem with that is that in order to create the ice age which basically is characterized by this huge volume of glacial ice, you have to have a hell of a lot of snowfall. In order to get the snowfall, you have to have evaporation of ocean water on a very large scale into the atmosphere. That has to be transported. It will either precipitate back out as rainfall in the you know, in the lower latitudes and snowfall in the higher latitudes. But see, the problem here is that we have to come up with some kind of a mechanism that can simultaneously inject a very large amount of water vapor into the atmosphere, then it needs to precipitate out as snow in an environment that does not warm up enough that that snow melts. Like if we go into Canada now, obviously every year we get many feet of snow and that snow will accumulate and if we didn't have summer next year another layer of snow would come down and if there was no summer after that, it would just continue to accumulate until it was a mile and a half or more thick, and that's what happened over Canada. All right, I got two theories here for you. I want to hear them. All right, here we go. Theory one, asteroid impact, half on land, half on water. It melts some of the water, bringing tons of water vapor because of the heat. It breaks up into multiple parts, and then it actually evaporates an enormous amount of water, and also hits enough land that there's particulates. So, the water rains down, the sun is cooled, and that's theory one. And then theory two is aliens did it. But I I like theory I like theory one better. >> [laughter] >> Well, being being consistent with Occam's razor, we better go with theory [laughter] one. And you know what? That's exactly how my I that's the kind of scenarios I'm constructing in my mind to try to figure out how this thing could be explained. Exactly what you just said. Multiple impact simultaneously into the ocean and into land, because land, what's going to happen? You're going to create enormous amounts of fire, soot into the atmosphere has the same effect of increase in the atmospheric opacity, particulate matter, right? That's going to be cooling. Into the ocean, it's going to inject water vapor. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas. That's going to be warming. So, some combination there of seems to be, in my mind, how we need to be thinking about this thing. E- Exactly what you just said, Aubrey. Your your uh Yeah, I your your your brain is obviously you thought about this some, I think. I haven't, actually, but it's it's just I like I like solving puzzles. That's uh that's probably one of my one of my favorite things, and and that's also, you know, one of the beautiful things that I think it's kind of odd that the most important puzzles that are being solved, And it's not that you aren't an accredited geologist, you are, but you're not a mainstream geologist. Like you're not part of the academia of geology, and you're solving the most important puzzles. Same with Graham Hancock, he's a [ __ ] journalist. I mean, like an incredible guy, brilliant mind. He feels, he sees, he's I mean, not to not to discredit the majesty of what he brings to the table. But nonetheless, this is coming from sources that are not part of the not part of the academy, so to speak. And that's the interesting time that we're in. And same with same with the medical side of things. Same with It's like there's the entrenched the entrenched knowledge systems are either way behind, they're too recalcitrant in their positions, their egos are too involved in the career that they've built, what they've learned, and they're they're too slow and too stubborn and too stuck to actually help us figure out what the [ __ ] happened in our past. Well, I agree with that. And of course, don't forget about the money involved. Um one of the things that I noticed with regards to uh if we go back to the '70s and the '80s, post this uh what I was talking about the energy paradox, then you had the the the the uh the revelation of the great impact that destroyed the dinosaurs, which kind of caused a major shift, because for most of the 20th century, geology and models of Earth change were totally into strict gradualism, what is called uniformitarianism. We don't look we don't try to explain what happened in the past without reference to what's going on right now. And so, what happened in the past, in order to understand it, we extrapolate from the the scale, the magnitude, the rates of change that we see going on now. And it was considered to be unscientific to invoke anything different than what was what is now prevailing in terms of global change. And so pretty much what happened was by the time geology and earth science became institutionalized as part of academia in the last couple of decades of the 20th century, you had two two things that came together. What is called Lyellian gradualism and then you had Darwinian evolution. Both of them were predicated upon the idea that these changes, whether it's in the biological realm or the geological realm, were so minute and incremental that you wouldn't even notice them on a day-to-day or year-to-year or even a century-to-century basis, right? And those two ideas, which have there's a great deal of of of power to those ideas to explain, I think, half the equation. But what they did was they neglected the other half of the equation is that yes, there we can see that these kinds of changes accumulate over time. I mean, just if I go back to where I grew up, you know, half a century ago, I can see changes. I can see changes in the local creek channels near here where I live and I go quite frequently walking or walking my dog or whatever in 30 years, you know, things have changed quite dramatically. However, even though you if you watch carefully, you can see things changing incrementally little bit year by year. We had two great storms. One was um oh, what was it? Hurricane Ivan came through. Did more work in 2 days, 3 days than I had seen in 20 years. >> Yep. Yep. That's the other side of the equation, see? Now, take Hurricane Ivan and uh multiply that by several orders of magnitude, you know, now we're looking at processes that uh are global in extent. And you know, the Younger Dryas when it was first proposed and and dated to around roughly 13,000 years ago, it was believed that it was probably confined to to the North Atlantic and was because of changing ocean circulation. And and when you're referring to the Younger Dryas, you're referring to the flood. Not specifically, however, and the big however, what we're what I think we're in right now is the correlation, the temporal or time correlation between the flooding and the climate change that was associated with that flooding. I'm of the mind that the Plato's dialogue when Solon is talking to the ancient the the Egyptian priests in in probably Alexandria, Virginia, they tell him, "You Greeks are like children because you only know about one flood." But there were multiple floods. And when you actually look at the deglaciation, it looks to me like there were maybe three episodes of extreme melting juxtaposed on top of the more what we would think of as the the normal melting. One of them occurred around 14,600 years ago and it was associated with what's called meltwater pulse 1A because marine geologists and oceanographers had identified what they believed to be a very rapid period of sea level rise. Keep in mind, when you've got all of that ice piled up on the continent, where'd it come from? Well, that water has come from the oceans, right? So, as the ice mass grows on the continents, ocean levels are going down because that ice is that water is being extracted from the ocean basins, precipitating out. It's not melting in the spring and going ultimately going back to the ocean basins. So, oceans were at least 400 ft lower than now, okay? Well, marine geologists have been able to actually identify the evidence of where sea level was at for maybe 8 or 10,000 years 400 ft below. And they can actually track how the rise occurred, and it was not a smooth rise. It was a pulsed rise, okay? So, there was meltwater pulse 1A dated at 14,600. Meltwater pulse 1B, which was dated at 11,600 years ago, 3,000 years later. Meltwater pulse 1B is also exactly now the date of the end the end of the Younger Dryas. Mhm. Now, what happened around 12,900 years ago with the beginning of the Younger Dryas, there's now evidence that there was also a an extreme melting event that occurred around 12,900. I want to talk to you about Correct Life. That's our new supplement company, and we just launched a new product called Fuel. Now, this product combines exogenous ketones, which help give you that mental clarity and actual physical energy, and we combined it with electrolytes and also trace minerals, and then a compound that comes from green beans called Metabolite, which helps train the body to use your own fat stores as a source of energy. It's great for hydration, great for those pickleball matches, great for long days where you're just rehydrating your body, or even in your morning mineral cocktail. 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But really and also I think it's something that's important for people to understand the ocean is a plenum of food and resources and travel and transport. If you're in antiquity, you want to live by the ocean. So when a [ __ ] flood comes out of nowhere, your beachfront home that gives you fish and crabs and lobsters and you know, time on the beach with your beloved, like you're cooked. Like, you know, I mean, sure there was certainly inland penetration by certain people, but the concentration, just like if you go to Australia right now, go to Australia. Where do all the [ __ ] people live? They live on the coast. Why? Cuz the middle's hot and there's dry and there's not a lot of food. And it's not that there aren't some people who live there, of course, but you know, the concentration of individuals were always on the coast. So these floods would be like massive resets of civilizational progress which could have occurred multiple times, not just that one time at the Atlantean at the end of the Atlantean era, but then extrapolating backwards, if this happened three times within 5,000 years, Mhm. what about the previous 5,000 years and what about the previous 5,000 years? Like this might have been happening a lot which also explains and dovetails into a deeper understanding of a deep history where civilizations would rise and flourish in both technology and capacity and structure and megalithic uh you know, monuments that were built and then that gets washed away and then another one comes up and that gets washed away and another one comes up and that gets washed away. Well, since the last 200,000 years, it's likely that the ice cycle, the glacial cycle, has occurred at least four times. That the ice has appeared, sea levels would have dropped, ice melts, sea levels rise. Problem is is each one of these type of events is so extreme in terms of its effect, what we would say the geomorphic effects, that it becomes as you go back, each catastrophe you go back, it gets harder and harder to look at the evidence. It's almost like >> Mhm. you build a building, then you come in and you demolish it. And on the rubble of that building, you build another building. And then later, you come in you demolish that. After four times, you have to do some serious digging and some serious uh analysis of the rubble to go, "Okay, this is from an earlier catastrophe than this one." You see? >> Yeah. And I think we're we're dealing with that. Now, to some extent, we can do that. We can see that there are, particularly in the Midwest, there are there are four glacial cycles that are named after the states that um where the evidence was first found. Like you have the most recent one was called the Wisconsin Ice Age. So, the Wisconsin Ice Age is when you had the last big accumulation of ice. >> That's every time I go to a [ __ ] Green Bay Packers game. I don't know what you're talking about. It's a [ __ ] Wisconsin Ice Age every time I go to Lambeau Field. You would be Yeah, so right where when you go to Green Bay, that's an interesting place because Green Bay itself, the bay is a gigantic meltwater sluice of meltwater that discharged down south off of there, spread out over southern Wisconsin, carved out what is now the Wisconsin River Valley and flowed into the Mississippi. Green Bay was one of the big meltwater spillways itself. And you have the Door Peninsula that goes up on the eastern side of the bay um that is just a huge mass of glacial material. Yeah, it's interesting that you know, see that's one of the things that I'm trying to do is get people to understand that the effects of these great catastrophes are all around us. And we basically uh live in literally the wreckage of a previous world. We don't recognize the evidence, but it's there. So, one of the things that I very much like to do is just like I just now did. I point out where um you know right here in your backyard, you have evidence. You've overlooked it because it's usually on such a grand scale and you don't think about that. But um I could pull up a very interesting uh actually if I pulled up uh my Google Maps, I could show you something very interesting relative to um that area up there. Now, where where did you grow up, Aubrey? I was I was born in Santa Monica, but I moved to Texas in 1996. So, I've been here for 30 years. Okay. More. Yeah. Okay. I thought well, if you had been uh up there in uh Wisconsin, I could show you stuff. I can show you some stuff in Texas. I have not done the field work in Texas. Go a little further west in New Mexico and Arizona, I've done a lot of field work up into Yeah, I also have a also have a place in Sedona, so Oh. That could work. Well, so next time I get out there, we should take a little tour, little field trip. Cool. Yeah, if I I I would show you some stuff that uh because you need to really, I mean, we can talk about it. You can kind of get a picture. We can look at photographs, which is worth way more. We can look at video, but nothing compares to getting out in the field and you can actually begin to see and and I've had people tell me that I take these people out on tours who who don't know any of this and by the end of a week they're saying I'm looking at the whole the landscape of a completely different now than I did a week ago. I'm seeing things that I didn't see before. I believe it. And that's really what I love. I love doing stuff like that and and educating people about this cuz I like to really kind of sit on the side, you know, usually it's about the third day, the aha moment. You know, when somebody on the tour finally goes, "Oh, I see it. I see it." Right? You remember um Yeah. one of my all-time favorite movies, Predator? Of course. Remember when he got >> bleeds, we can kill it. Yes. Yes. You remember the when when Carl Weathers finally was convinced he's peering and he's looking and he goes, "I see it." That's kind [laughter] of It's kind of like that. I love the reference. I love the reference. All right, here's what I want to see. I want to see what is the oldest civilization structure that you have found in your exploration? Like what what's the oldest one that you can point to? And we had a brief phone conversation, you alluded to something that was deeper than the deep history than we normally attribute. Well, you know, I look at some of these megalithic stone remains, not Stonehenge, but some of the others maybe a build back. Uh certainly the Sphinx. I've long believed, you know, since I read uh John Anthony West in the 70s, I believed that yeah, this makes a whole lot of sense that this is water erosion. And when was the last time you had significant uh water flowing in the area of the Giza Plateau? So, I'm 100% uh on board with the idea that the Sphinx is at least uh at least 10,000 years old because that's how far back we need to go to find significant rainfall in Egypt. I think though it's much much older than that. I have this Let's see, do I have it here? Ah, yes. This is I don't know if you can see this. I can't see myself on the screen. So, I only see you, but can you see this? >> I see a paper and that instills a certain sense of trust that whatever's in that paper has credibility. It says preliminary report on the absolute dating of the Khufu pyramid using the relative erosion method. So, uh I can actually pull up slides here. This might be a good time to Let's do it. Let's slide it up. Let's see. Okay, let's do that. >> And where is as you're pulling up these slides, where is the Khufu pyramid? Khufu pyramid is the uh what's known as the Great Pyramid. It's on the Giza Plateau. Oh, it's so that's the big one. Yes, it's actually not quite Yeah, yeah, that's the big one. That's the biggest stone. Okay, so you probably know that at one time this very high called indurated limestone formed the casing stones. The whole pyramid was shave uh was sheathed in this high high uh density white limestone. And then 675 years ago, I think is the the rough date of it give or take a decade or two. There was a great earthquake that um was centered over roughly under where Crete is now in the Mediterranean. And for, you know, thousands of years people were not able to penetrate the the casing of the Great Pyramid because the the joinery was so exquisitely tight. There was you couldn't They couldn't get anything in there to to leverage it. But when this earthquake happened, it apparently dislodged a couple of stones casing stones at the same time that uh it caused the collapse of a whole bunch of buildings in Cairo. So, the people were in desperate need of building stone. And oh, I forget the guy's name, Malcolm. Oh, I don't remember his name. He was He was the the Mahdi at the time. And said, "Well, we'll just use casing stones from the pyramid." And so, they stripped this white limestone. You can kind of see up here the stepped stone. That's also limestone, but it's it's a much lower quality limestone. Now, here's what I'm going to call your attention to. Before they actually started construction of the pyramid proper, they had to they produced this perfectly level limestone base uh here that you can see on the bottom. And you can see it extends out a couple of feet beyond the casing stones, if you can see my cursor here. >> Mhm. Now, you can see that if you remove this casing stone here, just like the one that here has been removed, you can see that that same limestone paving was under the pyramid, right? Mhm. When the pyramid was built, all of this limestone forming the paving stone here, the paving base, let's call it, uh was covered except for these areas outside. So, underneath the casing stones, you did not have the same type of erosion because it was now concealed from the weathering, from the the rainfall and so on, that the same stone, same exact stone on the outside, was now being exposed to. So, what happened was there was no erosion going on under the casing stones, and there was erosion going on on the surface of the casing of the base outside the casing stones. Well, the result was, you'll see in this slide. Let's see, let's find a good one here. Let's see, I think this one Well, actually I'll go backwards. Yeah, here we go. So, look, you can see there's a line of demarcation on the left it's smooth and on the right it's very rough, dimpled, pitted. >> Yep. Okay, so you're looking at the smooth was under the casing stones. The pitted was outside the casing stones. So, at the time the pyramid was built, this area outside the casing stones was now subjected to weathering. And so, what this guy did, this author did, Alberto Donini, uh an Italian engineer who did this study, he had really done this in-depth study of uh the weathering of rock, particularly limestone rock. So, he was able to come up with an equation that related, say, the amount of time elapsed and the amount of rainfall to the degree of pitting, right? So, uh let's go Okay, so here's a closer up view of the pitting. This is primarily formed by rainfall over long periods of time because you could go you could even have a heavy rainfall for a day or two, you'd go out you wouldn't see anything really. This is this requires a long period of time to get this level of pitting. Now, this is again on the base of the pyramid. Um let's see. Yeah, so this is the paper. Um And then, here's the study. So, what he did was he studied, looked at the difference between the degree of pitting that was protected from the weather under the casing stones, which he knew had been exposed to the atmosphere for 675 years. And he compared that to the degree of pitting and weathering on the on the uh base outside, right? So, from that he was able to develop this equation that looked at the degree of weathering, the difference in the degree. And so, what he found was that in order to get this exposed to the level of this over here, I mean, to get this eroded to the level that you had over here. So, over here on the left, it's outside the casing stones. This would have been under the casing stones. He dated this based upon this um what he calls uh uh what does he call it? I should have had this loaded up, but uh next time. He says um conclusions of the preliminary report. These conclusions are preliminary and will be further investigated through additional measurements extended to all structures and buildings on the Giza Plateau. It is always possible to improve measurements accuracy to deter uh the determination of eroded volumes and the overall precision of the results. Uh he explains that he intends to continue his research and invites archaeologists from around the world to collaborate in future studies. Uh relative erosion method is not intended to determine a precise construction date for an ancient building. Rather, it identifies a temporal interval and assigns a probability to it. Although the resulting date ranges are wide, the conclusions indicate a low probability for the official archaeological dating of 2,560 BC. For these reasons, it is likely that the pyramid pyramids of Akhet Khufu date back to approximately 23,000 years BC, which is 25,000 years ago. And he explains all of his protocols and everything in the paper. So, um Okay, so this is I mean, this is something that is particularly you know, changing my paradigm of understanding because my understanding was that this was either concurrent with something that either happened, you know, post-diluvian like after the flood the the kind of the Atlantean people moved over into Egypt cuz it was more dry and then they built the pyramids then so that would date it, you know, sometime 11,000 years ago or whatever. This we're talking way way way earlier. So is this even I mean what civilization are we talking about here who built this? Like what is your theory about like is this is this Lemurian but Lemurian is on the on the Pacific Islands as far as I understand it. Like I don't even have a model to understand what civilization this was Yeah. >> or whether the like who who did this? Who did this? I mean this is this is the the the question. It it it's a frustrating question because we have no idea but if this turns out to be uh uh vindicated this work, yeah, we we obviously we have to re-evaluate everything everything about our own history. Uh but I I'll say this, you know, in the traditional concepts that have come down to us in terms of the long cycles of time you know, the way we look at time it's very linear. The Judeo-Christian tradition is that there was a creation date there's the whole uh panorama of of human life on Earth and then there's going to be the uh the apocalypse at the end and it's sort of very much seen as a as a time as a linear phenomenon. To the archaic traditions time was cyclical. Uh you know, that that there was what goes around comes around. The wheel of time. Yeah, the wheel of time exactly. If you look at the model of the so-called great year and there's a book you might uh add to your reading list called Hamlet's Mill. Came out in 1969, and the two scholars, highly esteemed scholars who wrote that book, believed that the uh ancient prehistory cultures in prehistory had a much, much more sophisticated knowledge of cyclical time than they've been given credit for. And they have a model. They They refer to it as the great year. And the great year is the you know, you go from the diurnal cycle, the cycle of the Earth turning on its axis, the annual cycle to the of the Earth moving around the Sun. Well, the great [clears throat] year was considered to be like the third the third motion of the Earth. And it was based ultimately upon this motion. If I take this thing here and I represent this as the axis of the Earth, the Earth's axis now is pointed in the heavens towards Polaris. That's our North Star. 13,000 years ago at the onset of the Younger Dryas, it was over here, 47° over, cuz it had gone around this whole circle and was pointing at the star Vega. That was the North Star. So, this whole cycle takes 26,000 years. And according to the authors of Hamlet's Mill, it was this cycle that the that the ancient peoples in various cultures believed somehow was associated with the tempo of these catastrophes that caused the rise and fall of civilization. So, I noticed that Danini's date of 25,000 years ago was almost the precessional cycle, which is now dated at somewhat less than 26,000 years. And in fact, when you go into some of the ancient sacred numbers, um there's a whole a whole uh we you say a canon of ancient numerology that we find uh in various places around the world. Uh we find it in in Egypt, we find it in the Bible, we certainly find it in the Vedic traditions of India, we find it in Sumeria. And there's a collection of numbers, and these numbers uh if you if you take these numbers in various configurations, they are all breakdowns of this grand precessional cycle. So, in the uh in like if if you ever Have you been to Europe and been to any of the cathedrals? I have. Okay, do by any chance Let's see, the one that comes to my mind uh was Chartres Cathedral. If you go to the western entrance of Chartres, you have the great uh the entranceway there, and above there in what's called the tympanum, you have the seated figure of Christ in majesty with the four creatures of the apocalypse, a bull, a lion, an eagle, and a man, or sometimes the counterpart of a man, an angel. Those are astrological. The bull is Taurus, the Leo the lion is Leo, uh the eagle is Scorpio, and the the man is Aquarius. And those are the four fixed signs of the zodiac. So, if you were actually to go out in the night sky, and you were able to see the whole vista, >> [clears throat] >> and you looked at you would see that that Taurus and Scorpio are at the opposite ends of of a line, and uh Aquarius uh Leo is at the other, and they form a gigantic a cross in space that slowly rotates. So, it brings the vernal equinox, right now it's moving away from the star constellation of Pisces towards the constellation of Aquarius. 13,000 years ago, it was moving out of the constellation of Virgo into the constellation of Leo the lion. And that's basically that transition point is within a century or two of the onset of the Younger Dryas, when the first Younger Dryas catastrophe happened roughly 12,900 years ago. And according to the to the Archaic model, which uses the sacred numbers, the full span of of this motion is 25,920 years. Half of that is 12,960. So, I found it very auspicious that the date originally given for the Younger Dryas catastrophe was 12,900 years plus or minus a century or two. Said, "Well, that fits perfectly into the Archaic model of time." And we we could do a whole podcast just talking about these numbers and the idea of sacred time, uh which was so important to ancient peoples all over the world, whether the Mayans or the Sumerians, the Chaldeans, the Indians, the Chinese. The peoples of the ancient world were obsessed with with the with cosmic time because they connected these grand cycles with the periodicities of the catastrophic events. This was something that Graham was pointing to in some cryptic messages that he kind of decoded at Göbekli Tepe, right? Like that they were kind of trying to [clears throat] send a message to the future. Like, pay attention. You're probably going to forget. Hopefully, you find this out so that you can get yourself ready for what may come when this when this comes about. But, what is the what is the reason that these cat- catastrophes happen? I know there's different theories. There's these like there's a like a dark planet that's somewhere around there that Like, what's the theory that you like about what causes the catastrophes that correlate with these cycles of the Great Year and cyclical time? >> Well, I would think it has to be astronomical. For one thing, we also know that ancient peoples were obsessed with with the heavens and what was going on in the heavens. Uh we we we know that all over the world. We we can go out to Chaco Canyon. And in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico, we see that that that the whole the whole complex of the Chacoan culture laid out in the San Juan Basin is a map of the night sky. And you can you can literally look at the you can track the motions of the heavens by these ancient structures. And if you want to know, you know, when spring planting comes, you don't need to build a gigantic megalithic structure with 10-ton stones. All you need is a stick in the ground, a circle around it, and some shadows, and you can determine very accurately the day to the year and so on. But we find archaeoastronomy, ancient astronomy, we find it the Incas, we find the Mayans, we find Native Americans, you know, in in in America. We're also obsessed with making uh celestial observations. Obviously, megalithic Europe, the Egyptians, I mean, the list goes on. So, you have to ask the question, why were ancient people so consistently uh obsessed with tracking what was going on in the heavens? Well, and you just said something about possibly an invisible companion. If I had to speculate, I would say something [clears throat] like this. There's something And again, this works into the architecture of our solar system. Our whole solar system is set up in a in a very unique way that has very specific precise and specific parameters that if you start changing those parameters at all, this all goes away, right? We're just a lifeless solar system. Okay, so I think that what we're looking at is that you got the inner solid planets, then you've got the outer gaseous planets, you've got the sun at the center. We know now that the sun is a whole lot more variable than we'd imagined 25, 30, 40 years ago. Right? Now you've got um the possibility of a variable sun and outside the orbit of the great gaseous planets, Neptune being the outer Uranus, Neptune. Don't count Pluto. Neptune is a big planet. Outside the zone of Neptune, there is a layer of billions of comets. Outside of that, it grades into a sphere of comets. So, the the the disc of comets is called the Kuiper disc. The um the sphere is called the Oort cloud. And I think that what happens on a regular basis, there is something that perturbs the shall we say the quasi stability of these cometary reservoirs. Um and again, we could go into it. Each one of these things could could be worthy of, you know, a 15 or 20-minute discussion to break it down with graphics and all that to show you. Uh but the idea is if you have something that perturbs these reservoirs of comets, it could send a cascading swarm of comets falling towards the sun. And at each interval of the planets going from Neptune to Uranus to Saturn to Jupiter, it just so happens that the size, the mass of the planets, and the distance of the planets happens to be optimum for what you would need if you were going to transfer comets from the disc to the inner solar system where they could potentially become Earth-crossing. I think that we have to look at something like what you said, possibly a a third body that that's on a highly elongated orbit, very long-term orbit, maybe 25, 26,000 years, that disturbs the the quasi stability of this cometary reservoir and causes a essentially a swarm of comets to come cascading in towards the Sun. Those comets then undergo a hierarchy of disintegration events littering the inner solar system with the byproducts of their disintegration. Some of those like the Taurid stream uh have littered Earth's orbital path around the Sun. It's very probable that the Taurid stream encounters between the Earth and meteors, large meteors, or asteroidal type debris in the Taurid stream has been responsible for um some of the past catastrophes, even including the Younger Dryas. So, extrapolating from from what you said, I think that's what we need to do is we need to be looking for some larger framework, some mechanism that that perturbs the these reservoirs, these uh billions of comets can send all really all it would take is a few dozen because a comet, a large comet, coming in with a 20 or 30-mi diameter could break up and produce a million objects the size of the Tunguska object that blew up over Siberia in 1908. Are you are you familiar with that at all or you've heard of it? >> I am, yeah. The details it was roughly equivalent to a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb. 15 million tons of TNT. That would be If if that object had exploded over any urban area in the world, that urban area would have been obliterated. Just like the size again of a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb. That's 15 million tons of TNT. Now, if you look at at the structure of a comet nucleus, it's possible that a comet nucleus disintegrating could produce a million Tunguska-sized objects or some even much bigger. It takes millennia for that for that material then to clear out. We still cross the Earth still crosses the Taurid meteor stream twice each year. Uh late October, early November, and it's been referred to sometimes as the Halloween meteors because they happen to peak right about Halloween, right? Then later in the summer, end of June, early July, we cross what are the summertime Taurids. And it's the same stream, but in the summer, we're crossing it as the meteors are coming in to the Earth's orbit, right? From from farther out from the orbit of Jupiter. They come in, they make their passage around the Sun, which we would call the perihelion passage, and then on their way back out again, the Earth crosses them during the fall. And it's well known by astronomers who have studied this that once upon a time in the past, they were probably way more active than they are now. And one of the theories is that around, get this, around 25,000 years ago, a gigantic comet was dislodged from the Kuiper disk. We We We know the Kuiper disk because there's two types of comets. Short period, which which are comets that's say like Halley's Comet is a short period. Every 76 years it comes around, right? There are long period comets that maybe are at such a long period that they come in and then they never come back again. You know, remember the one that the the the the interstellar object that just came through uh last fall, right? Was um You remember what was the name of the interstellar object? You know, Uh it was like 3I 3I C. 3I C. 3I C. Okay, so now that's on a hyperbolic orbit. A hyperbolic is an open geometry. So, it's going to come in. It's going to make its perihelion passage around the Sun. It's going to head out. It'll never come back again. But a periodic comet comes back and it's on an elliptical orbit. An ellipse is closed. Right? The Taurid stream has between like three and five-year period that it's moving around. There's several comets. Comet Encke is part of that system and it has a 3.3-year return cycle. So, it's theorized and I think it it it's a credible theory that once upon a time in the past the Taurid stream was orders of magnitude more prominent and than it is now. The density of the material in it was was greater. So, the probability of the Earth having an encounter as it crossed the stream would have been greater. Right? So, here's I think how you could introduce the idea of periodicity into this equation. There's of course a lot more to it than that and I have graphics and everything. So, you'd better get me back on here and we'll look at some more graphics at some point. >> [laughter] >> Let's go. So, so then the thing that I've never understood about this, the that this planetary object, this dark planet that disturbs the Kuiper disk that can create this cataclysmic event. How come we can't see it? Like like what if if seems like we can see way further away than like we you know, we got telescopes, we got you know, we got all kinds of things we can look super deep in in interstellar space, but for some reason this is like the predator. You mean you mentioned the predator like somehow it's hard to see. Like it has something that is it's not made of light in the same way that we are not or not made of matter that that glows in the same way. Like what do you think this thing could be if if it is that? >> Well, in order to see it we'd have to be looking exactly at the right spot in space at the exactly the right time. Um I have not made an in-depth study of of that possibility. Some people theorize a another planet, others like a dark star. What is a dark star? Well, a dark star's basically one that has very low uh albedo. It has very low reflectivity that we don't see it. It could be you know, covered it could have you know, in its journey through space it could have accreted a lot of stuff to it, space dust, cosmic dust. And so therefore it's not reflecting the kind of light that we would see. It's not emanating its own light. So it's like camouflage to the blackness of space. >> Yes. You again, the Predator analogy. It's kind of invisible. Uh for whatever reason. And that's [clears throat] probably the the reason. It it it is that not only is it invisible but you know, if it's out there in in deep space, we'd have to be looking at precisely the right place at the right time to even see it. Um I have not really done the in-depth study on some of the recent research about the potential. There's some serious scientists that think it's a very plausible mechanism. Well, it seems like that whatever this mechanism is that potentially disturbs that and creates this cyclical time, I mean it it seems like we're kind of coming up upon that upon that time here pretty soon, right? Like isn't isn't this kind of the >> what would make me think that. As we look back now over the last say quarter million years we've got a pretty good chronology of what has happened in terms of climate change and the environment, in terms of disturbances, uh catastrophes and so on. If we look at the modern epoch, geological, climatological epoch that we're in now, the Holocene, it dates the Holocene the beginning of the Holocene is now dated at 11,600 years ago. So, it's precisely that termination date of the Younger Dryas. Interestingly, and this is one of those kind of lurking variables, if you want to call it that, Plato, in his dialogues Critias and Timaeus, he talks about the dating of Atlantis. So, the the elderly priests are talking to Solon. They're telling Solon, you know, you like I said, you guys are just like children. You only know about one flood. We know about multiple floods, right? And he then goes on to say that our sacred registers go back 9,000 years. And 9,000 years ago, this great influx from this Atlantis Atlantean civilization came forward out of the Atlantic and tried to subdue all of the the the societies within the Mediterranean. There was a great war that happened and at the end of this war, there was a catastrophe. Atlantis subs There was a great seismic or earthquake event. Atlantis subsided beneath the waves and likewise, there was a huge erosional severe erosional event in the peninsula of Greece. A lot of people overlooked that when they you know, because essentially what Plato was saying is that well, this catastrophe was not only mid-Atlantic, it was also on the eastern side of the Mediterranean. So, that means that it was a much broader catastrophe. Now, he says that this basically, according to our sacred registers, this happened 9,000 years ago. Well, Solon was in Egypt historically 600 BC. Do the math. 600 BC from now is 2600 years, 9000 years before that precisely gives us a date of 11,600. Meltwater pulse 1B, rapid pulse of sea level rise, uh the end of the Younger Dryas, the transition from the Pleistocene epoch to the Holocene epoch. So, let's say that the Holocene we're in now is 10 to 11,000 years old, right? If we look back and we are looking in the record uh of the planetary climate going back hundreds of thousands of years years, we find periods like there's one called the Eemian that dates was 13,000 years. It lasted from 116 to 130 or 129,000 years ago. It was considered to be the one period in in Earth's history, recent Earth's history, that was an analog for the modern Holocene. Well, turns out that even within the Eemian, there were these extraordinary extreme spikes of of climatic change. And we can find that there are other intervals of warming. None of them are as long as the one we're in right now. In other words, we've exceeded by 1 to 2,000 years, at least, any other comparable warming system, warming period that we can discern within the last at least quarter million years or longer. What would that suggest to you? It would suggest the possibility that, yeah, we could be due for something. Um Hm. I make no specific predictions at all about that. But, it'd be just like if, you know, uh well, gosh, here it is already uh early December and we haven't had the first freeze yet. We don't know what what time of day or what day that first freeze is going to come, But we know it's going to be coming. It might become a week later or a week earlier than the average, but it's coming. >> Right. Right. So >> So So some period I mean some period of dramatic cooling you feel like is inevitable. Oh unless by some unexplic- inexplicable means that whole cycle it has been terminated. Other Otherwise and and I don't see any reason to assume that that whatever has driven the onset of ice ages previously is no longer functional. Um and if it is functional then yeah, we have to assume sooner or later we're going to go into another ice age. Maybe we need more Maybe we need more cows that fart. And then actually farting cows is the savior of humanity. Well I mean you [laughter] speak speak facetiously, but in a way you know, I'm I'm a believer that you know, we could do very well at 500 parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And there's so much we could talk about here Aubrey, but you know, we just came out of in the middle of the 1800s was the end of a 600-year period called the little ice age. Right? I don't know if you've heard of the the term the little ice age. The medieval warm period was when the Vikings were farming the west coast of Greenland where it's now permafrost. Mhm. Right? This was between like 900 Uh I think they settled there between 900 and 1000 AD. And during that period of time if we look at at some of the smaller cycles within cycles, there was a called the the the uh late antiquity ice age that began around 536 AD. It lasted for about 3 to 400 years. This is what we normally think of as the Dark Ages. Well, what happens during a planetary cooling? What happens is is the growing season contracts. Uh the viable elevation at which farming can be conducted goes down. Um the the the growing season is constricted considerably. And you'll typically have uh repeated episodes where you have agricultural failures on a large scale. This is what happened in the 500s, right? And when this occurred uh in 536 AD, which is now estimated by some researchers to have been the coldest year of the last 2,000 years. Probably triggered by a combination of several impact events and a a spasm of volcanism working together, creating a perfect storm. It basically launched the Dark Ages. So, for the next 3 to 400 years, the the uh particularly northern Europe, where most of the uh the records we have come from, there was a social broad-scale social collapse. The Dark Ages uh after a period of sick about 6 to 7 years, there was repeated agricultural failures. People didn't have enough to eat because of that. Because they weren't getting the nutrition, their immune systems got weak, and they became suscept- susceptible to opportunistic diseases. And then in 542 AD, you had the Justinian plague, which came in and wiped out some estimates are half the population of Europe. And this is what led into the Dark Ages. And it was not until this warming, global warming, that took place between 900 to 1,000 AD, that the population of the world began to increase again because people were now you had now agriculture was much more you know much much more viable than it had been during the dark ages because we can go back in our historic accounts uh describing that months at a time they couldn't see the sun. Right? Cuz there was so much stuff in the atmosphere like you were talking about earlier. Um eventually all that cleared off the the the repeated injections of stuff which was probably volcanic ceased it cleared up, the sun came back, the warmth came back, growing season expanded the uh the the area of uh the latitudes at which crops could be um could be grown increased by hundreds of miles, 3 to 500 miles. In fact, there was a flourishing wine industry in in Britain Britain even up to Scotland. Um which at the end of the medieval warm period that the wine industry in northern Europe collapsed. But so for about 300 years, 350 years, you had this warming according to some estimates was even a degree warmer on average than now. But because of the abundant sup uh food that people were eating population rapidly expanded. In fact, the stature of northern Europeans even increased by 3 to 4 inches. You had a reduction in infant mortality, you had an increase in lifespans, uh people were getting because people were getting more to eat and it was a benign climate. Well, after about 100 to 150 years of this, Europe had accumulated enough uh wealth uh that you know, it was a Bernard of Citeaux who came out and with this idea that we're going to give praise to God for for this benign climate and all over Europe they began to build these magnificent cathedrals loaded with symbolism and uh literally you know, if you've been there and you've seen the cathedrals and seen the intricate work, the stonework, the the sculptures, the stained glass windows we're looking at a project that to it was multi-generational. Now, there's a whole conversation we could have about what ultimately was the inspiration behind the the the Gothic cathedral movement in Europe, but it perfectly coincided with what we call the Medieval Warm Period. And in the late 1200s and early 1300s the climate began to shift from warm to cold. And you had a series just like almost like a repeat of what happened in the 500s. You had a series of agricultural collapses and then I think it was 542. I'm sorry, back up. 1340, right around there. Uh so, it'd been like one generation where there had been repeated agricultural failures, people were getting hungry um and again, you had uh weakened immune systems opportunistic diseases and that's precisely with the onset of the cold is when you had the bubonic plague that again wiped out a third to half the population of Europe. That was the end of this magnificent Gothic cathedral building era right there. And it took a couple of centuries for uh for civilization to kind of recoup from that. And then we had a little break that coincided more or less with the Renaissance and then we had phase two of the Little Ice Age. Some of the famous paintings like of George Washington crossing the Delaware and the stories of of uh Valley Forge when it was so bitterly cold, you know, and the soldiers there their feet were were freezing and and you know, they had frostbite. This was during like the peak of the Little Ice Age. And that Little Ice Age came to an end roughly around 1850 and we went into what is the modern warming period. So I maintained all along, look, that was natural because we're not pumping any significant amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in 1850 to 1900. In fact, our our contribution to um carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere didn't even show up as a signal till World War II. So it wasn't really doing any warming until roughly World War II at all. Yet we'd had a century of the climate warming naturally. So I try to point out, look, before we jump on the bandwagon of anthropogenic global warming, we need to understand the natural forces involved. And actually this is a very benign time in terms of the long-term, you know, I mean this I mean in some ways this is the best of times. Yeah. It seems like the warming periods of this is the time of flourishing you know, for for the intellect, for the arts, for and obviously we got to get our head out of our ass and stop fighting each other and doing the crazy [ __ ] that we're doing, but nonetheless we're living in the best of times. Right. That's exactly right. You just said flourishing. Keep perfect word to use, flourishing. We're flourishing because of the warmth. And if we were to go back into the Little Ice Age, well yeah, that would put it enormous stress on our food production system. Um that's why, you know, I think the Bible said, you know, store away seven seven years worth of of provisions. Um you know, there's definitely like in the book of Daniel, definitely they're encouraged people to be preppers, you know. Um yeah. And and right now we're we've seen during COVID, I don't know if how out in Austin, but certainly here in the Atlanta area, there was a period walking into the grocery stores and half the shelves were empty. And I thought this is a wake-up call. This is a wake-up call for us. Now this is a manufactured crisis, but yeah, this could be a real crisis. No doubt. No doubt. And the odd the odd thing that I noticed with the there was no toilet paper. It was if that was the necessity. It's like [ __ ] just wash your ass in the sink. You'll be fine. Like it's [laughter] it's okay. It's okay. It's not the thing that needs to go first everybody, but yeah. >> But I I like my toilet paper. I do. I know. I mean, I get it. [laughter] You know, I I like it too. I still still I still use it. But yeah, I mean it's there's a multiplicity of existential risks that we're facing right now and I think it's you don't want to live in a perpetual state of fear. Again, referencing the Bible do not be afraid. I think that's the the most repeated phrase and the wisest words that any of us can have is to not have fear in these times, but you can still be prepared and not be afraid. You know, you can still live that >> Exactly. >> that that full-hearted, you know, full-belly laughing erotic life and also be be prepared for what may come. >> Well, kind of the way I look at it is, you know, I love to go camping. So if I'm going to go camping say in Minnesota, I might prepare one way if I'm going to go camping in South Georgia, like say down in the Okefenokee. I know there's alligators and poisonous snakes and you take preparations. And if you if you're prepared, yeah, you can go into the Okefenokee and it's like you're back in the Cretaceous in a way, right? And it could be a really cool, enjoyable experience, but if you're unprepared, yeah, then it's a whole different different matter. Again, are you going to go, you know, if you're going to go up go climb mountain climbing. Well, you you you get prepared for that and it can be an awesome experience, right? You go into the desert. Well, you want to be prepared. You want to have make sure you got plenty of water, right? You need, you know, a hat. So, the probably sunglasses. You do things and this is all part of being a prepper in a way, right? Isn't it? You need to be prepared for whatever whatever you're going to be dealing with. So, on a larger scale, I think yeah, it's kind of the same thing, you know, it just makes sense that I think you know, the whole the whole interruption of the supply chains during COVID kind of was a signal, look here's what can happen. You have another major solar outburst like the Carrington event or we know now that there are events that are 10 times more extreme than the Carrington event. We've seen at least two of those happen in the last 2,000 years. Well, what what happens if something like that happens again? Well, all the computer systems go down for months. That's what would happen. Then what? Chaos would ensue. Is that everything's dependent upon computers. You know, when I was a kid there were no computers. Everything was cash. You know, where I grew up in Minnesota, most of the food we ate came from within 2 miles of our house. So, it was the supply chains weren't so critical to the functioning of society like they are now. And and it's great as long as things stay remain stable. Yeah, it's great. Right? I mean, I can go into the grocery store now or into the restaurants and hey, I can have Thai food or whatever I want, right? Or I can have a hundred different kinds of yogurt, so right? But >> [laughter] [gasps] >> but the point is is that when I was a kid in the 50s and early 60s and stuff it was a different thing. And literally, yes, you had imported foods and stuff, but nowhere near like now. Like I said, most of the food that we ate when I was living in rural Minnesota as a kid came from a couple of miles within our house. So, there was no vulnerability to breakdown of the supply chains. Yeah, the fragility of our current society is also is also enormous. And then the mental fragility that accompanies the structural and infrastructural fragility is is also something to be, you know, to be very aware of. Like we are not we are not we haven't practiced. We're not our generations haven't most of us haven't seen really hard times in a long time. So, we kind of forget about it. >> We forget about it. That's right. >> and and I think it's time to start paying attention to not only the physical preparations, but the mental preparations, the emotional preparations, the spiritual preparations. Absolutely. >> get it get right with God, get right with your family, get right with all of the all of the different avenues that that may come to be. 100%. >> Now, you referenced you referenced the Bible and I noticed [clears throat] as I was doing some prep for the show and and we actually just briefly touched on it. You've done a little bit of an analysis on the Shroud of Turin, which was supposedly covering the dead body of Jesus Christ. However, and I don't want [clears throat] to spoil it, what you have analyzed is that perhaps that body wasn't dead. Well, that that idea did not originate with me. That's been around for for quite a while, actually. But it's gone through iterations where different scholars have taken a fresh look at it and what they sort of have discovered is that you can build a pretty solid case that this guy See, you have to differentiate between the Christ of faith and the Jesus of history. Right? So, there's this guy presumably now, who's been exalted as the the one and only son of God, who worked miracles and died for our sins and all of this. That is not the original conception of Christianity in the first two centuries, and we have to go back to that. And this brings us into a whole 'nother kind of minefield because of the fact that there is now primarily it it's a doctrine of faith, and you have faith that this this scriptural writing is the is the ultimate word of God. Uh it's not contaminated by the fact that it was human beings who ultimately wrote it down. But uh >> And and uh and Constantine was the editor-in-chief of the documents. Exactly. >> you're talking about an editor-in-chief, I don't think you want a Roman emperor as the guy who you want to be the arbiter of divine truth. Exactly. [laughter] But here here just to to you know, punctuate this. Let's let's think about this. Jesus was presumably the most at least according to a large segment of the world's population, Jesus was the most important historical figure of the last couple thousand years. Yet, what do we really know about Jesus the historical figure? Well, he was born in Bethlehem. They fled to Egypt to avoid, you know, Herod's slaying of the firstborn. Then we don't hear anything about him except for one episode where he is um they're in Jerusalem and they they lose him somehow. They find him in the temple discoursing with the elders. Then we don't hear anything about him for what? 18 years. He shows up, gets gets baptized by John the Baptist in the River Jordan. He's presumably presumably at this point 30 years old, and that's when he begins his ministry. What about those missing 18 years? That's kind of for me, that's like a huge question. I it I go like, well, he was obviously doing something somewhere, meeting people. Why is that just completely fallen off people's radar screens to ask that question? What was he doing during those missing years? Mushrooms. >> [laughter] >> Well, you know what? There may be something something to that idea. Well, I mean, I I think one of the popular theories is that he was on a tour of the mystery schools and you know, working with the Telestai and the Nastakoi and and these these mystery school knowledge systems that actually help bring about enlightenment. I mean, my own my own my own vision, which I actually think is an even more beautiful vision of Yeshua is that he was a man like any any of us could be who went through a process of transformation to max out the capacity of the divinity that's within all of us. He maxed out. He [ __ ] he Christed out all the way and was able to do things that were extraordinary and he probably had an extraordinary capacity from the start, but nonetheless, he maxed it out. But it it's not like he's the only person that's ever been recorded and you know, witnessed doing miracles. I mean, Rasputin for example, you know, did unbelievable miraculous healings that were witnessed by many. You know, so there's and there's many different cases of this. Of course, there's charlatans as well. And not to try and compare the gravity of Rasputin with Yeshua. I think they're very different characters, but nonetheless, that story of a person who's been on a quest and that quest brought him to max out the potential that's capable within all of us. That is a very that's a much more interesting story and I think that as a guiding story is like, "Okay, what are What can you do to max out your potential, you know, to to be your own Christed version of who you are?" Like, I just think that's a way more interesting story to me. Yeah, and, you know, if you you know, read the Gospels, I mean, Jesus never referred to himself as the son of God. He always refers always refers to himself as the son of man. Almost as if to say, "Hey, I'm just I'm somebody else who I just like you said, I've gone through this process, and I've I've, you know, I've incarnated the divinity within, and I I have a direct, you know, telecommunication with a higher power here. And, you know, I've I've been around some interesting spiritual masters over the years um that had powers that I witnessed personally and experienced personally that that led me to believe that what you just said uh is is real. That you know, we can evolve to this position, and what my take on it is and this would be a great conversation to have somewhere down the road is that, you know, he did go through a whole period of vigorous rigorous training uh that led to the development of these faculties. And that uh that others have have gone through similar periods, similar similar rigorous trainings. And uh Yeah, there's there's a lot to unpack there. Um I've gone into the some of the the original Greek of the uh of the New Testament. And slogged my way through that with my interlinear Greek-English New Testament, my my Greek dictionary, my Greek etymology. Found some very interesting things uh which I'm not prepared to talk about now, but maybe we, you know, I'd be certainly more than happy to come back on do another >> Sure. uh visit with you to get to get into some of that. And then of course the apocalyptic traditions, you know, you there's a whole rich tradition of apocalyptic literature besides the Book of Revelation besides what shows up in the Book of Matthew that is out there as a part of the apocryphal texts that never made it in to the Bible. Some of those are extremely interesting and and the implications of some of those are quite profound and they shed a very much broader perspective when you look at the entirety of the of the apocalyptic literature. So there's a whole conversation we could have there but I would want to pull some of my research together and and and be prepared to specific maybe able to quote verse and uh pull up some of the the original Greek language and look at the potentially alternate translations that themselves are very suggest suggestive. Yeah. And uh you know, a a mutual friend of ours, Scott Wolter, Knights Templar, who uh discovered what he believes to be are copies of the scrolls of Yeshua, the actual writings cuz as to this point no actual writings from Yeshua himself have been acknowledged as if he just didn't write anything down. It doesn't really make a lot of sense. It would make sense that he would write some stuff down. He was certainly more than literate and especially if he went on this journey through education, knowledge, transformation, etc. Um that's going to be released. It may actually be released by the time we actually release this podcast. So if I'm highly interested, Scott was a little tight-lipped about what that was going to be and and I think it's it's both of yours to to share with the world but that's something that's going to be very interesting to take a look at because this is a time where many of these fixed ideas of our history are being questioned and reevaluated, and everything is everything is up in the air again. Like we're we're having to see Mhm. >> with fresh eyes, and and this is a behold we make all things new kind of moment. And I think obviously that is an idea about a level of consciousness where you can see the kingdom of heaven before you, but it's also a wow, I can see our whole history. I can see the whole nature of even the avatar yes of Jesus Christ. I can see I can see our connection to the the galaxy and interdimensional, intergalactic, like so many things may come in the next 5 years. Like this is a crazy This is a crazy time. It is a crazy time, but it's exciting, and it's really I kind of think we're in apocalyptic times right now. I mean, because we've gotten to this position on the planet, we can see that now there are political forces vying for supremacy. Um at the same time we're discovering all of these these new possibilities about our own past, our own deep history on this planet, and kind of opening up really in a way kind of the supreme mystery of just who and what we are and where we came from. Are we just some evolutionary accident, or is there more to the story than that? And I definitely tend to the the belief that there's more to the story than we're just some cosmic accident. But what the specifics of that story are, I'm still trying to tease that out and get to the bottom of it. That's why I'll be be [clears throat] calling on you, uh Aubrey, to help me live for another 40 or 50 years. >> [laughter] >> Well, let's let's all let's all do it together. >> Yeah. And and and you know, let's what you just said, let's do it together. I I think that there is you know, I've been doing these tours. I've take these tours and I've had people from all over the world come all the way from Dubai, from Scotland, from Germany, from England, from Australia. Uh Oh my the list goes on and on that have come traveled to go on these tours. Also, and you're probably seeing this too, you're getting you're getting fans from all over the world, right? Of course. Yeah, we we're we are reaching people all over the world. And I think that what we're seeing here is like this next perhaps evolutionary step. We're kind of extending our senses into this digital realm. And I mean, I couldn't have even imagined you know, in my younger years, other than I went to a lecture in 1974 by Timothy Leary, if you know who he is. Of course. Sure. The lecture was that he was talking about was at Georgia Tech University. I went to this lecture and he was basically describing the entire internet. He said in a few more decades, the whole world is going to become electronically and digitally linked and you're going to be able to talk to somebody instantly on the other side of the world. And his whole It was his whole lecture. Describe I later read that Steve Jobs was reading Timothy Leary and doing LSD and stuff and really imbibed that vision and that was a big part of what motivated him as a young man. Well, got I'm going to get involved and do this. I'm going to help bring this about. But hearing him, I mean, he he was like a prophet in his own time. Richard Nixon called him the most dangerous man in America. All right, well, because he was you know, 40 years ahead of his time, at least in in those terms. Um So, it was interesting to see that come to pass. Like, I've you know, come to 90s when, you know, I first logged I think it was America Online, right? >> Yeah, yeah. >> Yeah, something like that. Yeah, yeah, AOL, right? And I'm thinking, I wonder is this the beginning of what Leary is talking about? But it was. Yeah. >> are, you and I, you're in Austin, I'm in Atlanta. We're a thousand miles apart. You know, here we are talking to each other in real time. I mean, how amazing is that? And and I think our task is to just get our consciousness to reach the level of our technological capacity. Exactly. >> And that is the that is the task that lays before us is to actually move and evolve as quickly like technology advances quickly and exponentially and I think consciousness can as well. And it's not that it's not that it can't, it can and it must and that this is the game. Mhm. >> And you know, and there's a there's a shot clock and some of this may be within our control, some of this may not be, but we better we better do our damnedest to to give it our best shot. I'm 100% with that and um it's encouraging to me that yeah, I'm getting so much feedback now from people all over and and I've got people saying, well, I've decided I want to become a geologist. I've heard what you talk about and suddenly I'm interested in the history of our earth or I'm you know, somebody wants to learn more about archaeology and people literally I think we're creating a global network of free-thinking people who are asking questions, critically important questions about where we came from, who we are and where we potentially could be going from here. And this was ultimately the the whole the whole story of the Holy Grail, the the quest for the Grail was knowing when to ask the right questions at the right time. Yeah. And and I'm surprised at some of the people I would have, you know, never even thought about that I've been contacted, you know, Tucker Carlson contacted me like a year ago. Very interested in all the stuff we're talking about. I had no idea. You know who I got a call from this morning? George St-Pierre. Oh, yeah. Yeah. He's great. What an awesomely great guy he is. >> He's the best. Yeah. >> the best. So, we're going to do some podcasting together. Cool. And I can't wait. I mean, but you know, talking to him I'm thinking, yeah, here I'm talking to what potentially the greatest of all time. Regular guy, you know, regular guy is out with his family. No pre- pretentious nothing. Just wanting to learn and knows that there's a bigger picture. Mhm. You know? Yeah. >> I I got a charge from that. And I'm also going to mention that I have a very good friend, Ian Machen, who uh we built a restaurant together. Uh we started it pre-COVID, we're working during the peak of COVID. It was one of my designs and I I snuck a little bit of magic and sacred geometry into it. Uh which he was totally he was totally okay with it, but we built this restaurant. It's now one of the most popular restaurants in Decatur. He just recently was in Where did you go to do your ayahuasca? Can we talk about that? >> I've I've Yeah, I've gone many places, but Peru has been probably the primary place that I've gone. Did you do one in Costa Rica? Yeah. Yeah. Full tar up. I talked to him a couple of days ago and uh he was down in Costa Rica and he just finished his second session. And I said, oh, that's cool. We're talking about talking about your name came up. And he said, yeah, I'm going to be doing a podcast with Aubrey. And he says you know, he said I never even considered doing ayahuasca until I heard Aubrey talking about it. So now [laughter] he's down here in Costa Rica doing this by today he would have done his third trip. So it's all your fault Aubrey. Yeah, for sure. Well, you're welcome and I'm sorry cuz this ayahuasca is an intense journey, but hopefully it hopefully it's been beautiful for him. Usually it Yeah, he said he he said he can't wait to do the next one he said so. Yeah. And he's a beautiful and he's an awesome dude. He's yeah, he I love the guy. We we partnered on this restaurant and yeah, so if you're ever in Atlanta I'll definitely I'm going to treat you to dinner at the Wheelhouse Craft Pub and Kitchen. All right. All right. I look forward to it. I look forward to it. I'm well I'm grateful for this conversation, grateful for our our budding friendship and look forward to staying in touch and let's do another show. >> Oh, absolutely. Give me a month or two and then we can reconvene and yeah, there's so much that we could have so many branches we could have gone off into and looked at things. So yeah, we got a lot of raw material to dive into. Yeah. Yeah, this just sets the foundation and for anybody who wants to dive deeper in any of these tangents circling the square or circle the square. What's your podcast name? >> [laughter] >> Squaring the circle. >> Squaring the circle. Yeah, you don't circle the square. You square the circle. Come on bro. >> [laughter] >> Man, I was on point all podcast and then I had to blow it. Just blow it. Just blow it right at the end. Just miss the game winning shot. Damn it. Oh man. Yeah, squaring >> there I was. I I was putting up numbers and then I just turned it over at Oh well, you'll have you'll have plenty of opportunities to redeem yourself. All right. That's it. There's always another game. Yeah, randallcarlson.com Yeah, get you there. Squaring the circle will get you there. And I'm doing an extended series, the definitive series on the Younger Dryas. Going back to the discovery of the flower back in Sweden in the 1800s and coming forward right to where we're doing now because I played a role in getting the idea of the Younger Dryas out there along with Graham Hancock. Um, I thought people needed to know about this and so I kind of went on the bandwagon about 20 years ago. Nobody had the slightest idea what it was. So, now it's kind of becoming part of the conversation, but I want to I'm laying out the the whole the whole story of research, questions, answers, you know, paradoxes and then figuring out was it local, was it regional, was it global? Maybe it was more than global. Maybe it was cosmic. Yeah. I like it. I like it a lot. Well, my interest my interest is peaked. Good. Randall, you're a legend. I appreciate you. Thank you for your work and thank you for your time and presence today. This is the best. Enjoyed every minute of it. And likewise. Thanks for tuning in to this video. Make sure you hit subscribe, follow me at Aubrey Marcus, check out the Aubrey Marcus podcast available everywhere, and leave a comment. Let me know if this video resonated or what else you would like to hear from me in the future. Thank you so much.